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Canada Citizenship: Your Top 12 Questions Answered

IMMIKRATOS Team

4/22/2026

11 min read

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IMMIKRATOS Team

Updated on April 22, 2026 · 11 min read

Becoming a Canadian citizen is a significant milestone, opening doors to a vibrant society, robust social services, and global opportunities. The journey involves several steps, from meeting eligibility criteria to successfully passing the citizenship test. For many, navigating the requirements can seem daunting, leading to numerous questions about the process, costs, and timelines. This comprehensive FAQ article aims to clarify the most common queries potential applicants have about acquiring Canadian citizenship. Whether you're wondering about residency requirements, the civic test, or the benefits of citizenship, IMMIKRATOS is here to provide clear, concise answers to guide you on your path.

Quick Facts About Canadian Citizenship

You generally need 3 out of 5 years of residency in Canada.
The citizenship test is based on the 'Discover Canada' guide.
Canada fully allows dual citizenship, so you likely won't lose your original one.
Applicants aged 18-54 must demonstrate language proficiency in English or French.
The application fee for adults is currently CAD $630, including the Right of Citizenship fee.

Q.Who is eligible to apply for Canadian citizenship?

To be eligible, you must be a permanent resident of Canada. You need to have been physically present in Canada for at least 1,095 days during the five years immediately before applying. You must also have filed your income taxes, if required, for at least three taxation years within the five-year period. Additionally, applicants between 18 and 54 years old need to demonstrate adequate knowledge of Canada, including its history, values, institutions, and symbols, and meet the language requirements in English or French. There are no criminal prohibitions or security concerns.

Q.How many years do I need to live in Canada before applying?

You must have accumulated at least 1,095 days of physical presence in Canada during the five years immediately before the date you sign your application. This period is equivalent to three full years. Each day you spend physically in Canada as a permanent resident counts as one day. If you spent time in Canada as a temporary resident or protected person before becoming a permanent resident, half of each day (up to a maximum of 365 days) can also count towards this requirement, alongside your permanent resident days. Accurate record-keeping of your travel is crucial.

Q.What are the total costs for the Canadian citizenship application?

The primary costs involve government fees. For adult applicants (18 and over), the fee is CAD $630, comprising a processing fee of $500 and a Right of Citizenship fee of $130. For minors (under 18) applying with a parent, it's CAD $100. These fees are subject to change, so always check the official IRCC website for the most current information. Additional potential costs include fees for language tests, obtaining educational credential assessments, criminal record checks, or translation services for supporting documents. It is important to budget for all these aspects.

Q.How long does it typically take to get Canadian citizenship?

The processing time for Canadian citizenship applications can vary. Currently, for most cases, the estimated processing time is around 12 months. However, this is an estimate and not a guarantee. Factors that can influence the duration include the completeness of your application, whether you need to attend an interview, the volume of applications, and any complexities related to your specific case. You can check the most up-to-date processing times and the status of your application on the official Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) website using your application number.

Q.What is the Canadian citizenship test like and what's the passing score?

The Canadian citizenship test assesses your knowledge of Canada's history, geography, economy, government, laws, and the rights and responsibilities of citizens. It is based on the official 'Discover Canada: The Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship' study guide. The test is usually computer-based, multiple-choice, and consists of 20 questions. You have 30 minutes to complete it, and a passing score of at least 75% (15 out of 20 correct answers) is required. Some applicants might also have an interview with a citizenship officer.

Q.Does Canada allow me to hold dual citizenship?

Yes, Canada fully allows dual citizenship. This means you can become a Canadian citizen while also retaining your citizenship from another country, provided that your country of origin also permits it. Canada does not require you to renounce your previous nationality when you become a Canadian citizen. This policy offers significant flexibility and allows individuals to maintain strong ties with both their native country and their new home in Canada, enjoying the rights and benefits of both citizenships, where applicable.

Q.What is the language proficiency requirement for Canadian citizenship?

Applicants between the ages of 18 and 54 must demonstrate adequate knowledge of either English or French. This means proving you can speak and listen at a Canadian Language Benchmark (CLB) or Niveaux de compétence linguistique canadiens (NCLC) Level 4 or higher. Acceptable proof includes results from approved language tests, evidence of completing secondary or post-secondary education in English or French, or certain professional training. There are exemptions for applicants under 18 or over 54 years old from the language requirement, but not from proving knowledge of Canada.

Q.Can I get Canadian citizenship just by marrying a Canadian?

No, marrying a Canadian citizen does not automatically grant you Canadian citizenship. Marriage to a Canadian citizen does not exempt you from the standard eligibility requirements. You must still first become a permanent resident of Canada, then meet the physical presence requirements (3 out of 5 years), file your taxes, and pass the knowledge and language tests, if applicable. While being married to a Canadian may assist with immigration processes to become a permanent resident, it does not fast-track the citizenship application itself.

Q.Do my children automatically get citizenship if I become a Canadian citizen?

Dependent children under 18 years old can be included on their parent's citizenship application, provided they are permanent residents and meet the physical presence requirement. If included, they typically become citizens at the same time as their parent. However, if they are not included, or if they do not meet the individual requirements, they do not automatically become citizens. Children born in Canada automatically acquire Canadian citizenship, regardless of their parents' citizenship status, with very few exceptions.

Q.Why might my Canadian citizenship application be rejected and what can I do?

Common reasons for rejection include not meeting the physical presence requirement, failing to provide adequate proof of language proficiency, not passing the citizenship test, having a serious criminal record, or providing false information (misrepresentation). An incomplete application can also lead to rejection. If your application is refused, you will receive a letter explaining the reasons. Depending on the reason, you might be able to appeal the decision to the Federal Court, or you may need to resolve the issue and reapply at a later date.

Q.What rights and benefits do I get with Canadian citizenship?

Becoming a Canadian citizen grants you several fundamental rights and benefits. You gain the right to vote in federal, provincial, and municipal elections, and the ability to run for political office. You can obtain a Canadian passport, one of the most powerful passports globally, allowing visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to many countries. You are guaranteed the right to enter, live, and work anywhere in Canada, free from the threat of deportation. Citizenship also provides stronger international protections and the peace of mind of belonging to a vibrant, diverse nation.

Q.Will I need to give up my current citizenship to become Canadian?

No, as Canada permits dual citizenship, you are generally not required to give up your current citizenship when you become a Canadian citizen. Canada's laws recognize and allow individuals to hold citizenship in multiple countries. However, whether you can retain your original citizenship also depends on the laws of your birth country. Some countries have laws that automatically revoke your citizenship if you acquire another. It is always advisable to check the laws of your home country regarding dual nationality before applying for Canadian citizenship.

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